The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the general name of a group of viruses that provoke various diseases.More than 100 species are known.The pathogen is common all over the world.To avoid infection, it is important to know how human papillomavirus is transmitted.
What is HPV infection?
HPV infection is a group of viral diseases provoked by the papilloma virus.At the moment, it is studied and described above 100 types of virus.Scientists have studied the morphology of the pathogen for a long time, which made it possible to determine the types of viruses as to which pathologies they provoke.Separately, a group of HPV with a high risk of Onco was divided.
Due to the fact that HPV is mainly impressed by the sex system, gynecologists pay considerable attention to the study of the problem.Speaking of what HPV is in gynecology, it is necessary to emphasize a high risk of developing cervical oncology.Experts found that this virus, more precisely, the 16th and 18th types provoke the development of the oncological process in the women's reproductive system.
HPV - transmission and infection paths
The papilloma virus is known for its resistance to environmental factors, so it can long be the activity in the external environment.This explains the ability of the pathogen to spread.However, HPV air transmission is not transmitted directly.Speaking of how the papilloma virus is transmitted from person to person, doctors indicate the mandatory presence of direct contact with the skin carrier's skin and mucosa.
HPV transmission paths are different:
- sexual;
- home contact;
- vertical
The most common way to transmit HPV
After hearing about this type of pathogen, patients are often interested in the doctor: if human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted.Doctors note that this method is more common.According to statistics, about 70% of people who lead an active sex life are carriers of the papilloma virus.In this case, the infection can occur repeatedly throughout life.
Most women and men are infected by HPV a few months after the onset of active sexual activity.It is worth noting that HPV is often attributed to sexually transmitted infections, but the infection is possible with sex without penetration.Contact with the genitals of the virus carrier can lead to infection.
Doctors also call the following ways of HPV infection:
- with a kiss;
- With oral sex.
HPV - methods of infection in everyday life
Some specialists in infectious disease distinguish the inner path of HPV transmission.The percentage of the virus spread this way is small, but this option cannot be completely excluded.The virus can keep activity for some time, entering the pool, a bath, so infection is possible in ordinary areas.
Infection in everyday life occurs with kisses, the use of the affected HPV personal hygiene products.In such cases, the risk of infection increases:
- weakening immunity;
- Violation of personal hygiene rules.
The risk of infection with HPV
The probability of HPV infection increases significantly with the onset of sexual activity.This transmission route is considered the main one.At the same time, experts distinguish a number of factors, the presence of which sometimes increases the risk of infection:
- Early onset of sexual activity;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- neglect of contraceptive tools.
Separately, it is necessary to say about the possibility of infection in childhood.In most cases, HPV is transmitted to the child by the mother during childbirth.When promoted along the birth canal, a baby infection occurs.Children more easily tolerate infection, practically does not manifest it.In addition, thanks to the receiving of ready -made antibodies, a spontaneous cure is observed along with breast milk.
How is HPV infection?
HPV infection occurs with direct contact of the mucosa, skin of the genitals.During intercourse, micrococks often occur and damage to the mucosa, which only increases the risk of HPV infection.At the same time, there are some changes in the virus transmission mechanisms in women and men.
How is human papillomavirus transmitted to men?
The probability of HPV infection in men depends directly on the number of permanent sexual partners.Frequent random sexual intercourse increases the chance of infection several times.At the same time, man himself in most cases does not doubt the presence of HPV virus in the body.As a result, the virus spreads further.In 90% of cases of sexual intercourse, an infection of a partner, which was once absolutely healthy, occurs.
How is human papillomavirus transmitted to woman?
Ways of HPV infection in women do not differ from those that are characteristic of men.In the first place it is sexual.However, some factors increase the risk of infection in women.
Among these, gynecologists identify:
- Early onset of sexual activity;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- abortion;
- the history of traumatic birth;
- Gynecological diseases;
- stress;
- Long -term reception of oral contraceptives.
Is the human papillomavirus transmitted to the child?
Knowing the presence of HPV in the body, women who plan pregnancy in the near future are wondering if human papillomavirus from the mother is transmitted to the baby.Experts say there is a risk of infection of the child.However, in children, HPV is rarely observed, the methods of infection differ from those in adults.The transmission of the infection is most often at the stage of fetal progression along the birth canal: the virus from the mother's mucosa passes to the baby.
It is worth noting that the risk of such an infection is small.In most cases, the baby's body manages to get rid of HPV during the first 2-3 months of life.This is due to taking antibodies to the juvenile body along with breast milk.The main risk of HPV for infants is damage to the respiratory tract - the appearance of polyps.Such cases are rare and are considered more exceptions.
HPV - what does it look after infection?
By learning how human papillomavirus is transmitted, many patients are interested in the conditions of the appearance of the first symptoms.Doctors cannot say unequivocally how quickly manifests after HPV infection.
The following factors are determined:
- the patient's age;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
- The state of the immune system.
In practice, the terms of the clinical manifestation of HPV are different.The appearance of a condy, changes in the affected cells can be observed both after a few weeks and months.In some cases, the first lesions on the skin in the groin and the genitals are found a year after the papilloma virus enters the body.It is possible to determine the exact time of HPV in the body based on laboratory tests.
Signs of infection with HPV
Symptoms of HPV infection are manifested by the lesion of the genitals.In most cases, the virus leads to characteristic skin lesions.Patients record the appearance of vulgar papillomas and pronounced warts.From the outside, these results resemble cauliflower, so it is difficult to confuse them with other skin manifestations.
In women, pale pink pink growths are localized:
- in small labia;
- in the groin;
- in the clitoris;
- near the outer hole of the urethra;
- On the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, air conditioning is formed in the anus if a woman practices anal sex.A strong increase in such formations leads to the appearance of bloody discharge, sensations of pain during intercourse.In men, such formations are located in the area of the pubis, perineum, less often on the surface of the penis.
HPV vaccinations after infection
Even those who know how human papillomavirus is transmitted, they are not always able to avoid infection.After treatment, to eliminate the re -infection of HPV, to prevent the development of the relapse, doctors are vaccinated against the papilloma virus.Vaccinations prevent the development of viral infection for 15 years or more.